Test z olimpiady - etap okręgowy - czytanie

W każdym punkcie zaznacz jedno z czterech zdań (A, B, C lub D) najbliższe treści poprzedzającego tekstu.

The issue in court was whether the killer had what is known in our over-medicalized world as a personality disorder, or if she had what used to be called a bad character. The World Health Organization defines personality disorders as "extreme or significant deviations from the way the average individual in a given culture perceives, thinks, feels and, particularly, relates to others. Such behavior patterns tend to be stable and to encompass multiple domains of behavior and psychological functioning. They are frequently, but not always, associated with various degrees of subjective distress and problems of social performance." The diagnosis thus rests upon vague criteria, of doubtful validity; but it makes sense, more or less, in practice.

If the accused had such a disorder, and her actions could plausibly be attributed to it, the defense might argue that she therefore did indeed have diminished responsibility for her actions: for it is accepted without argument today that a man is not in the least responsible for his own personality or character-a far cry from Marcus Aurelius's view 2,000 years ago that a man could, and ought to, cultivate his own character